Computer Matching Versus Privacy :: Private Personal Information Essays

Computer Matching Versus Privacy Introduction With the advent of new computer technologies, the ease with which new information can be discovered from aggregating data sources is astounding. This technique is called computer matching. When it comes to doing research this can be an incredible source of new ideas and correlations between sets of data. However, this same technique can be applied to information about individual people. Suddenly, by pulling together disparate sources of data, private information can be learned about an individual without their knowledge or consent. If the organization that is capable of computer matching is a government, it places a lot of information in the hands of a powerful entity. A question of whether the government should have this new information is a significant one. What if the government were not allowed to ask you for information that is discoverable through computer matching? Should the government be allowed to use this technique to yield the same information? This ethical dilemma is covered in this paper. Relevant information will be used from the laws in the United States and the European Union to illustrate the different perspectives on the privacy of citizens and the approaches each government takes to it. Letter of the Law or Spirit? Many countries around the world have laws on what information a government can ask from its citizens. These laws typically focus on protecting the privacy of individual citizens and preventing discrimination based upon the collected information. Computer matching could place this same information in the hands of the government. In the United States, US law prohibits the direct collection of certain information. This includes, but not limited to information about ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc1. The European Union (EU) has set guidelines for members of the union. These guidelines set strict rules for the â€Å"processing† of personal information. The EU defines processing as collection, use, storage, retrieval, transmission, destruction, and other actions2. The rules also provide provisions requiring the consent of the individual person before this â€Å"processing† can occur. It is apparent that the intentions of the laws for the United States and the EU are to protect the privacy of their citizens. However, loopholes exist in these laws that allow the governments to bend these laws. In the United States, the law prevents the government from asking for certain information, but it does not prevent it from purchasing this information or using matching techniques to discover it.

Electric cars vs The Gas Oil line Cars Essay

In the next ten years what the average American drives will be very different than today. Electric cars may phase out gasoline (Gasoline is also known as petrol) in the next couple of decade. Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions and are much cheaper to fill up than the more common gasoline vehicles. Switching to electric cars will have more benefits than drawbacks in comparison to other fuels such as petrol and diesel. In order to switch to electric cars America’s electric capacity will have to increase. In the next few years electric cars will also have new upgrades to increase practicality, range and longevity which may convince people to switch. The only major concerns in the market today is an electric car’s driving range and the number of charging stations available across the nation. These problems are likely to be solved within the next decade. Although some Americans do not want to buy a fully electric vehicle yet there are many benefits to owning one. One of the main reasons people are considering them is because the low cost of powering an electric vehicle. â€Å"Drivers struggle with gasoline prices well over four dollars a gallon, and a cumulative 60 billion dollars was spent on gasoline during the past year alone†(CalETC). Electricity ismore cost effective to run than when using gasoline. The equivelent cost of elctricity is a dollar or more per gallon. Electric cars also provide the convenience of powering up at home if one’s work is close enough for the battery to take them there and back. Today’s electric cars have a range of about 100 miles on a single charge. When someone comes home they plug it in and charge it for the next day. Most people do not drive far on day to day basis. â€Å"Most people would be able to benefit from a car they drive to work and charge overnight†(Truett). The average person only goes to work and back and maybe stop at a nearby store before going home. Some auto makers in the future will have solution to the charging issue. â€Å"Some future cars will have an emergency gas engine that kicks in when the battery is low†(Truett). Although these kinds of cars already exist the car will not travel very far on the battery alone which increases the need for the gasoline engine for some current cars. In the future hybrid cars will have an even smaller engine that will be used less  frequently because the car will have a larger capacity battery. Another benefit that electric cars have is more horsepower and torque than petrol cars. The best current electric cars are from Tesla. â€Å"Tesla’s roadster has tons of power, great handling and looks better than a Prius†(White). Tesla cars achieve multiple advantages in the way they are built by putting the battery in the middle of the car increasing its center gravity. Some auto makers might follow in the foot steps of Tesla and implement these improvements in their entry level electric cars. Most automakers will not make them as fast as a Tesla car. â€Å"Automakers invest their engineering talent in more efficient cars and new technologies rather than horsepower wars†(Espejo). Automakers will produce electric vehicles that will be comparably as fast as an average petrol car. However electric motors have many advantages that many consumers would want. In terms of power and running efficiency an electric motor produces its maximum torque and efficiency at any rpm (rotations per minute) rather than any piston engine which must speed up to reach maximum torque and running efficiency. The piston engine design requires a reciprocating piston which must change directions throughout the four stroke engine cycle and must also use engine power to turn a camshaft to open the valves to draw fuel and air into the chamber and also let exhaust out. This makes it much less efficient than an electric motor which only has one turning output shaft and nothing else but a single speed transmission. Electric cars do not waste fuel while idling like a conventional engine design. Having fewer moving parts that need to be serviced periodically electric motors do not need as much maintenance as petrol engines. In America electric cars are in the beginning phase of catching on in the market. While there are some negatives to electric cars such as â€Å"24 percent mention they have concerns about having access to recharging stations†(Mealia). This is the biggest concern among people that are considering switching to electric vehicles. Although some states are starting to put charging stations in cities charging stations are still nowhere as available as gas stations nationwide. One misconception of electric cars is that they have zero emissions. â€Å"They do however have upstream emissions†(Kliesch). These upstream emissions can come from a coal  fired power plant. Depending on where one lives there may be no emissions produced. Only if the electricity generated is from a renewable resource there will be no emissions. Right now, America does not offer the capacity to charge the amount of electric cars needed on a mass scale. â€Å"states are working to get more power statio ns†(Wald). As more states begin putting power stations the demand for electric cars will go up. More power stations will make people consider purchasing an electric car for their next vehicle. Even the government is giving people incentives to switch electric cars. â€Å"Obama’s stated goal of putting 1 million electric cars on the road by 2015†³(Rascoe). While the government provides encouragement and tax deductibles on people with high efficiency vehicles that could encourage a lot of people to consider buying one. This will make owning an electric car much cheaper to own with the added benefit of low cost charging. Until charging stations become more widely available across the nation the electric car market will not take off very quickly. Some of today’s and future improvements will make people want to buy an electric car. Another type of vehicle with an electric motor is a hybrid which uses a electric car system as the main drive train and a small petrol engine to turn a generator to recharge its battery. In the near future the lithium ion batteries that are used to power the car will undergo a major upgrade. â€Å"developers have added ultra capacitors that prevent the battery from peaking in power which improves the life of the battery†(Truett). With the added battery life this will make some electric ecu’s able to have a longer drive range than most petrol ears of today. This improvement also makes the batteries overall lifespan greater too because it puts less stress on the battery. Electric motors will also be useful for big trucks too â€Å"BMW plans to use a 2 mode transmission that can tow and drive efficiently†(Truett). This system will provide the capability of towing large capac ities and when there is not such a heavy load drive with maximum efficiency. While electric cars provide a promising future it will be a few years before they will be more common than petrol cars. As of now petrol cars are more practical than electric cars but they are much more expensive to run which is the greatest selling point of owning an electric car. In conclusion electric cars may phase out petrol cars in America because of how inexpensive the cost of owning and running one is. Many people are ready for the switch but are waiting for their old car to die or are waiting for a higher availability of public charging stations in their area. It would be best to wait a couple of years before buying an electric car so it has been upgraded with longer lasting batteries and high efficiency drive train. In a couple of years there will be more electric cars available so you can choose from more options. Electric charging stations will cost less to operate because there will not be no need to deliver fuel to the pumps it would also be cheaper to produce an electric charging station because there will not be large gasoline reservoirs underground and the charger will not need a complicated system to pump energy into the vehicle. The range issue electric cars currently face will likely be solved soon by more efficient batteries and gear system s. Disclaimer: this document is no way related to the author or be used against them in the form of turnitin.com. Works Cited â€Å"CalETC Posts Report on Electric Cars and Drivers’ Fuel Bills.† Professional Services Close – Up (2012)ProQuest. Web. 17 Jan. 2014. Espejo, Roman. Cars in America. Detroit, Mich: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Print. Truett, Richard. â€Å"I [ybrids 101.† Automotive News. 02 Mar. 2009: 17. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Kliesch, James. â€Å"WHY ELECTRIC CARS ARE CLEANER.† Mother Earth News Feb 201 I: 58.62.64. ProOuest, Web. 25 Oct. 2013. Mealiea, Wallace. â€Å"Electric Cars? Bring ‘Em on!† Electric Perspectives 37.1 (2012): 12 ProOuest. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. White. B, Joseph., â€Å"lives on the Road: The Surge in Electric Cars.† Wall Street Journal. 16 Dec. 2009: Dl. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Wald. Matthew L. â€Å"8 States Teaming Up to Support Electric Cars.† New York Times. 25 Oct 2013: p. B. 1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 29 Oct 2013. Rascoe, Ayesha, and Deepa Seetharaman. â€Å"U.S. Still Dedicated to Electric Cars, but Deadline no Longer Important, Energy Secretary Says.† Oakland Tribune]an 31 2013. ProOuest Web. 6 Nov. 2013.

The Justice System - 1204 Words

A â€Å"Reboot† of the Justice System By: Robert â€Å"Justin† Jones Imagine, if you can, complete darkness. Not like when you close your eyes, but the complete absence of light. It is hard isn’t it. Now add silence. The only noise you hear is you beating heart and struggled breathing. Finally add to that situation, being in a six foot by eight foot by eight foot room that is exceptionally cold. All the walls are constructed of feet thick concrete slabs. Sounds like an intro to a cool action scene in a movie where the hero escapes a horrible prison controlled by the enemy forces in a foreign country doesn’t it. You would be sorely mistaken. What I have just described to you is the standard dimensions and factors of the average United States prison cell. Currently over two point two million people are in this situation. Most will remain like this for over nine years. A study done by ProCon.org in 2012 concluded that forty seven point seven percent of convicts are in prison for crimes relating to violence of some sort, seventeen point one percent are in for theft of varying levels, twenty point five percent are in for drug related crimes, thirteen point eight are in for public order and the most shocking is that point seven percent of the total prison population, the government doesn’t know why they’re there! That converts to about fifteen thousand people! At this very moment, there is approximately fifteen thousand people in jail and no one knows what for! This is the result of aShow MoreRelatedJustice And The Justice System1574 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is meant to be inherently righteous and full of integrity purposefully to maintain the equality necessary for the justice system to exist as ethical to all individuals. Justice can be defined by numerous conflicting perceptions concerning method and the severity of punishment. These disagreements in perception of what’s justice is understandable, since occasionally it’s difficult to determine what’s righteous for all parties involved in every situation. Two of the more commonly known formsRead MoreJustice Systems And The Criminal Justice System Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal justice system is a complex and often uncoordinated system that operates by enforcing the law and seeking justice across countless jurisdictions. It is comprised of many separate agencies including agencies at the federal, state, and local level. Each agency has its own function a nd goals while operating at different levels of government. The agencies also represent different concerns and values of the public, creating a fragmented system rather than a monolithic, unified system. A monolithicRead MoreJustice Systems And The Justice System Of Other Nations1732 Words   |  7 PagesThere are numerous things that have been and will be discussed concerning our justice system and the justice system of other nations. Contrarily there are varying types of courts all throughout these other nations as well. Similarly, all nations have criminal sanctions, sentencing practices, and types of punishment, death penalties, and imprisonments. The question I present is what about all those who have been unlawfully convicted, sentenced and then later on exonerated centered upon DNA or whatsoeverRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems And The Adult Justice System1049 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge that the juvenile justice system and the regular adult justice system have differing regulations. Juveniles have different trial proceedings and rights than adult offenders because juveniles are minors and are still considered their parent s or the state’s responsibility. Minors are not seen as able to make important decisions regarding anything, like medical care, so it is logical that they are treated differently from the adults in the criminal justice system, from arrest to punishmentRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems share many of the same terms but notRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1044 Words   |  5 PagesRestorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal withRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System1993 Words   |  8 Pages Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System Nathan Tabita Columbia College Abstract Throughout this paper, various articles will be discussed in further detail on the issue of restorative justice within the criminal justice system in the United States. Both benefits and disadvantages of restorative justice will be analyzed, in order to have a greater understanding of the alternative justice program, and to remove any preconceived ideas unsubstantiated by facts. FocusRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1905 Words   |  8 Pagestwo forms of justice that the American society has come to know today. One is the traditional justice system and the other is restorative justice. The first half of this paper will provide an overview of how justice is achieved using the traditional due process system of our criminal justice system. Specifically, I will assess each step of due process, pointing out the possible outcomes of how justice is traditionally attained. I will also provide several examples of how the system has successfullyRead MoreRestorative Justice A nd Justice System2338 Words   |  10 Pages Restorative justice has some key restorative values that are vital in the restorative justice conference to make the experience ‘restorative’. Concerning addressing victim needs and concerns means for listening, respecting, being non-judgmental, not blaming the victim and apologizing. The RJ system was bought as an alternative to the criminal justice system to give greater emphasis on victim rights and needs, offender accountability and community involvement. Throughout the essay, there will beRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System1931 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is a comparative newcomer to the world of criminal justice; however restorative justice has been around, ‘officially’- by means of legislation for 14 years, and unofficially (in innovative practice), for longer. The knowledge and skills associated with restorative justice have slowly but surely migrated to other services, such as education, with startling results (Daniels, 2013). With the criminal justice system being so unfair and bias for years maybe even centuries

Applying Sociological Theory Into Everyday Life - 1224 Words

This semester I was fortunate enough to enroll in an internship related to the field of Sociology. One of the things I have struggled with in the past is applying sociological theory into everyday life. Enrolling in an internship gave me the chance to practice applying some of what I have learned in the classroom into a real experience. I worked at the Ohio University Athletic Department, and was involved in student-athlete academic welfare. When it was time to write my final research paper, I settled upon the topic of women in sports. I wanted to analyze women’s meaningful contributions and accomplishments within sports, their leadership roles in sports, and what the future of sports could potentially hold for them. I worked with female athletes and what I saw this semester inspired me to write about this topic. My goal is to not only analyze sociological theory regarding these topics, but also to interpret them and apply them to what I saw throughout my internship. As a st udent-athlete myself, I was fortunate enough to obtain a position working for the Ohio University Athletic Department. My official title was â€Å"NCAA Eligibility and Student Center for Success: Academic Intern.† What this means is that I was assigned as an academic advisor to five different student-athletes. They met with me weekly for two types of meetings. Based on GPA, they either had drop ins so I could monitor their grades, or had a scheduled weekly meeting. In the weekly meetings, we preparedShow MoreRelatedSociology 210 Study Guide1129 Words   |  5 PagesChapter One: The Sociological Perspective I. The Sociological Perspective. A. Sociology is the systematic study of human society. B. The sociological perspective (Berger, 1963) helps us to see general social patterns in the behavior of particular individuals (the general in the particular). C. It also encourages us to realize that society guides our thoughts and deeds — to see the strange in the familiar (Berger, 1963). D. Sociology also encourages us to see personal choice in social contextRead MoreSociological Perspectives On The Sociological Perspective1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sociological Perspective is a behavior that connects one with society. As written in the textbook Society the Basics, sociological perspective is also defined as â€Å"seeing the general in the particular† (Berger, 1963). A major part of being a sociologist is finding patterns in everyday life. As an ordinary person, finding patterns is almost a natural instinct. Every individual falls into a category, whether how unique they claim to be. Individuals can be categorized by race, class, sexual orientationRead MoreMax Weber s Theories About Status And Social Stratification1343 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity for American society that suffered from the demands of industrialism. In order to better understand the sociological perspective of baseball in relation to the social context of its’ origination, this pa per will consider baseball in the context of Max Weber’s theories about status and social stratification. Although his theories are seemingly similar to Karl Marx, their theories are essentially different. Marx primarily believes that economics and class are distinguishing factors of society;Read MoreWhy You Are Performing Heart Surgery Or Scanning Grocery Items For A Living1665 Words   |  7 Pagesa paradigm based on the assumption that society is a unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate structures (Ferris and Stein 2014, p. 22). Émile Durkheim is the founder and central figure of the functionalist theory. In the theory of functionalism, society is created from many connected structures. Institutions are one of those connected structures. 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In Stewart’s book ‘Culture, Taste and Value’ (2013) he defines taste, from a common sense perspective, as a purely subjective, private matter (Stewart, 2013). However, in this essay, my aim is to inf orm the reader of the substantial implications ‘taste’ has as a theoretical framework for explaining societal structures and understanding everyday life. TheRead MoreRedefining Theories : The Importance Of The New Paradigm858 Words   |  4 PagesRedefining Theories: The Importance of the New Paradigm A new type of theory, introduced by Allison James and Alan Prout in 1993 has taken the sociology world by storm. This new type of thinking, called the â€Å"New Paradigm† has moved away from the view of children as passive recipients and adult becomings. 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All of the influences that impacted society and how we view things today came from theorist that studied the relations between people and things they saw in the community around them. The theorists that helped create the idea of Sociology, lead to the theoretical perspectives of sociology, which include; symbolic interaction, functional analysis, and Conflict theory. The idea of Sociology existed long beforeRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination Of Max Weber s Types Of Legitimate Domination And Bureaucracy1416 Words   |  6 PagesWright Mills’ The Sociological Imagination, the writings of the comparative authors reveal the domination of power in a socially constructed society and the way that individuals are influenced by the constructed hierarchy of power. Through sociological analysis, these concepts can be applied to the ways individuals are continuously influenced through socially constructed institutions in a society where individuals constantly interact with one another. As Mills and Weber apply sociological analysis to the

Should Kids Now A Days Be Forced - 953 Words

Technology In School Currently, schools are switching to technology for all of their assigned work, rather than using paper and pen. As a student attending Fountain Lake Charter School Mark Burfeind experiences this everyday. Mark says, Fountain Lake Charter School is giving Chromebooks to the high school and middle school students, and there is no choice to deny the computer. Students are given the Chromebook so they can do homework and that would make no excuse for not having your homework done. Through the Chromebook students turn in all of their work. For the younger students, such as elementary students, they are given in class iPads and with these mobile computing devices they can do learning drills and play learning games. Schools everywhere are starting to use less paper and switch to technology. Should kids now a days be forced to use technology? Yes, because with technology people are provided with effective ways of learning, it prepares students for college, and the real world. First of all, technology provides students with effective ways of learning during school. A variety of people learn better by just sitting in class listening to a lecture or simply watching a PowerPoint. But then on the other hand, some people learn better visualizing what they are learning. With technology, people would be provided with this opportunity to get visual views of what students are learning. One could find a video over the topic that is being discussed in class, maybe look atShow MoreRelatedShould Kids Now A Days Be Forced? Using Technology For All Of Their Assigned Work?894 Words   |  4 Pagescomputer. Students are given the Chromebook so they can do homework and there should be no excuse for not having your homework done. Through the Chromebook you are to turn in all work. 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Some kids have been working for most of their lives some of their parents dont even work these kids get low money some of their parents sale them.Some of these kids dont even have parents they are just wandering around streets looking for jobs.Some of these kids are working in hazard jobs and domestic labour and carpet weaving and other horrible jobs and these kids and not only missing out of their education but their health is at stake.Child Labour is increasing day by day and its becauseRead MoreThe School Board Meeting For The Schools Of Palm Beach County918 Words   |  4 Pagesschools and an award given to the hispanic teache r of the year. In the next movement the board was asked to name September 17th constitution day and September 21st through the 25th celebrate freedom week. Following this the board was asked to make September National PTA membership month, October attendance awareness month and October second National custodial worker day. All of these movements were passed by the board seven to zero with no additional discussions on any of the topics. After this sectionRead Moregender socialization992 Words   |  4 Pages Gender: Forced Upon American Society Growing up, many Americans childhood consisted of playing tag outside, having cooties, and experimenting with as many toys as possible. Hundreds of thousands of toys flood kid stores such as Toys R Us, Baby Depot, and KB toys. With imagination, kids are able to become doctors, presidents, and princesses during the contents of one day. Television shows such as Barney or Blues Clues encourage having such imagination, thus inspiring kids to want to becomeRead MoreSlavery Is Not Legal Now939 Words   |  4 Pageslegal now, but it still happens. 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Most parents have expectations for their children to live a successful life, whether that be the CEO of a giant company or just being the captain on the football team, parents overall want their child to grow and be triumphant. Nevertheless, there definitely is a point when the expectations become unrealistic. In fact, some parents have such high expectations, they resort to isolating their kids from anything but school: including extracurricular

Criminal Justice Research Paper Free Essays

1. Fred is drunk and driving his dad’s car. Fred is a 21 year old student at Columbia College. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fred rams into a parked car at 10th and Rogers. Thinking no one saw him; Fred moves his car and parks it on an adjacent lot. He sprints to his dorm room in Miller Hall. A neighbor saw the wreck and Fred running to the dorm. Police are called and they arrive ten minutes after the wreck. The officers see several empty beer cans and a bottle of tequila (half full) in the front seat. The tags are traced to Fred’s dad, who is called by police. Dad says that Fred is a student at Columbia College. Police run Fred’s record and determine that he has two prior DWIs within the past five years. The third DWI in 10 years is a felony. Police contact Columbia College security who leads them to Fred’s dorm. Fred is passed out, so security lets them in. The officers smell intoxicants, give Fred some Field Sobriety tests (he fails) and confirm that he was driving the car. Fred is arrested for DWI. It is his third offense, a felony under Missouri law. Fred is given a breath test, which registers at . 13 on the scale. During the processing of his arrest paperwork, the officers search Fred’s possessions which he brought to the station, and a small quantity of cocaine is found in Fred’s pocket. Fred is charged with DWI, leaving the scene, and possession of cocaine. What issues do you see? How should they be resolved? (50 points) First of all this, is a legal arrest. A neighbor saw the wreck and Fred running to the dorm. That is sufficient in itself to establish probable cause to arrest Fred for leaving the scene of an accident. The follow-up police investigation added more factors to establish probable cause to arrest for DUI and leaving the scene. A prosecuting ttorney will present evidence that a) Fred has no alibi for the time and date the crime occurred, b) he left evidence at the scene and in his vehicle, c) he failed the Field Sobriety Tests, d) he blew a . 13 on the breathalyzer, e) and he has past records of DWI, and f) he was found to have possession of cocaine. The prosecuting attorney uses this series of specific examples to prove Fred committed the crimes. There would be an issue of whether it was legal for the security guard to give access to Fred’s room. This issue would be resolved because it is totally legal for security uard to give access due to exigent circumstances. . Cole County deputies obtain a search warrant for Mike’s trailer for controlled substances. The warrant was based upon information provided by an informant, some officer corroboration, and the fact that Mike has a past record for drug offenses. The deputies execute the warrant. As it turns out, Mike has no past record for drugs, th e court clerk made an error. This means the warrant will be found lacking in probable cause by the appellate court. While executing the warrant, they observe large quantities of controlled substances, which they seize. While they are executing the warrant a man drives up and knocks on the door. The officers detain the man during the search. The dog accompanying the officers begins to bark at the man’s trunk. The officers open the trunk and see large trash bags with a substance which smells and looks like marijuana. This man (Larry) is arrested for possession ot marijuana. Mike is charged witn possession ot a controlled substance. Are the drugs admissible in Court against Mike? Why or why not? What about Larrys case, are the drugs admissible? Why or why not? (50 points) Whether this search is legal or not depends on the exact circumstances under which it was conducted. In a situation like this, the police have the authority to stop and detain anyone coming to or leaving the residence as they arrive to execute the search warrant. Once you are lawfully detained, they have the right to conduct at least a pat down search for officer safety purposes. If the drugs were found as a result of the pat down search, there is no doubt that it was a legal search and seizure. Whether they could go further than a simple pat down would depend on other factors, such as conversation between the cops and the etainee, as well as other activity in the immediate vicinity and possibly even statements by other people at the scene. Determining for sure whether there are grounds to object to the search and seizure requires review of all of the reports regarding the case. Depending on the nature and quantity of the drugs seized, this could possibly be a serious case. In any event, the person involved should consult with a criminal defense attorney or, if he cannot afford private counsel, with the public defender if he is charged. Officer had probable cause to affect a traffic stop after he observed defendant ollowing too closely. Defendant’s and passenger’s behavior after stop provided reasonable suspicion to expand the detention, and a positive drug dog sniff provided basis for search of vehicle. I’m not aware of reason that the interpretation of the 4th Amendment would be any different in Oklahoma than it is in any other state. All states have to follow the US Supreme Court’s decisions on 4th Amendment issues. It would be true that once an officer has conducted a pat down search and determined that there are no weapons, he is not allowed to go further in searching without either consent or a warrant. On the other hand, it is not the law anywhere that such a search must be limited to the feel of a gun. Any object which might possibly be used as a weapon can be retrieved during a pat down search. Whether retrieval of a bag of dope from the suspect’s pocket would go beyond the allowable scope of the pat-down search would still depend on the totality of the circumstances, including what the bag of dope felt like (for example, was it a hard object that could be a weapon or a soft plastic baggie). There is another issue, as well. If this person is leaving a place for which a search arrant has been issued, the police already have a reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity which would Justity a detention beyond a simple pat- down and identification. What else is said and done by others at the scene (cops and suspects) and what is found in the search may Justify extending the detention of the person who was leaving as a possible suspect in drug sales or possession. The search you asked about occurred under similarly exigent circumstances, the evidence was easily disposable and the intrusion was very limited. So, it seems to e, the evidence seized under the circumstances you described would still be admissible. 3. Kyle and Mel are detectives in the property crimes unit. They are investigating a case of leaving the scene of an accident. The victim’s car suggested an impact on the right front bumper of victim’s car. While canvassing a neighborhood on another matter, Mel sees a car parked in a garage. The garage is attached to the house, but the door is open. The car shows physical damage to the left rear quarter panel with smudges similar to those on victim’s car. How to cite Criminal Justice Research Paper, Essays

Charlottes Web Book and Film Essay Example For Students

Charlottes Web Book and Film Essay When comparing the novel Charlotte’s Web with the 1973 animated movie version, there are some obvious differences. A main and initial difference is that the movie is a musical, and the book doesn’t portray a musical aspect to the story. Furthermore, one sees that in the movie, Wilbur doesn’t speak or talk, until he arrived at the Zuckerman Farm, and this isn’t as obvious in the novel as in the movie. When reading the book, when Wilbur first begins to speak, a person may think that the goose was â€Å"teaching† Wilbur how to speak. But in the musical, Wilbur begins to talk from the get go. One can also see that for example, there is no mention of Wilbur’s attempt to escape in the musical, unlike in the book, where it was of crucial importance. There is also the fact that new character were added such as Henry Fuss’ mother, who chases Wilbur out. The relationship between Fern and Henry is stronger in the movie than in the book. Other examples are like the fact that Wilbur saves Charlotte by attacking Avery directly, unlike the book. There some changes to the film, like the number of spiders that Charlotte gave birth to was 5000, which was not the number in the book. Another important thing for one to notice in the book is the fact that Mr. Dorian the doctor was cut out. In the book, he is very important because he is the first human character to actually be able to understand Fern and Charlotte, and how children may see and hear things. Instead he was replaced by a gosling, who I think was very annoying, because pf constant weird songs and talkative advice. I think that with these general differences between the book and the movie, I can say that the book is more effective in almost any way. If someone wanted to enjoy reading this book to children, or to simply learn from an academic perspective, the book is the way to go. The movies is great specifically on a comedic and â€Å"family time† sense, because there is a lot of music that children can enjoy. But the book also delivers that, and much more. The book has both comedic and also intensive vocabulary for the children to enjoy, and also learn. An example is the characters’ way of speech. They speak in a unique way, and some of them (such as charlotte) talk with high vocabulary, making the other characters ask what it is, but also for the reader to learn something new. The movie does cover some of it, but it doesn’t match. Having the script of the movie almost identical delivers a sort of boredom to the listener. Reading it to a child is better, instead of watching it in between an average of 10 musicals in the movie. Charlotte’s Web is a book/novel where the impossible and tough because possible. The Animals and talk with each other, and also save each other’s lives, as Templeton played a major role in saving Charlotte’s life, but also biting Wilbur’s tail to keep him upright, and not fainting. This is also another difference in the book, because Templeton bites him during the end of the book, unlike in the movie. This attempts to show Templeton’s potential for â€Å"goodness and heroism† as he was greedy and mean all the time. The movie is great, but it does not compare to the book, by a long margin.